J/JAD/18/3    Infrared extinction spectra of aerosols            (Knox+, 2012)
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Infrared extinction spectra of aerosols with relevance to planetary and lunar 
atmospheres I: Single-component aerosols
       Kerry J. Knox, E. Kathrin Lang, Ruth Signorell
      <Journal of Astronomical Data. 18, 3 (2012)>
      =2012JAD....18....3K   
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ADC_Keywords: Extinction ; Spectra, infrared ; Spectroscopy
Keywords: Vibrational spectroscopy - cloud condensates - planets and 
          satellites 

Description:
    	Mid-infrared extinction spectra (500 - 6000 cm-1) of a series of 
	single-component aerosol particle ensembles representative of those 
	found in a range of planetary and lunar atmospheres are presented. The 
	aerosols were generated in the laboratory via condensation from the gas 
	phase in a bath gas cooling cell, and the spectra recorded using a 
	Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. This paper is the first in a 
	series aimed towards building a spectral database for use in remote 
	sensing of aerosols. The aerosol substances included here are methane, 
	ethane, propane, butane, pentane, ethylene, acetylene, carbon dioxide, 
	ammonia and sulfur dioxide. 

File Summary:
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 FileName      Lrecl    Records    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe.txt        80          .   This file
ch4_1.dat      	  19      10371   IR extinction spectrum of methane aerosols 
				  (amorphous)
ch4_2.dat	  19      10371	  IR extinction spectrum of methane aerosols 
				  (phase I)
ch4_3.dat	  19 	  10371	  IR extinction spectrum of methane aerosols 
				  (phase I and II)
c2h6_1.dat	  19	   9127	  IR extinction spectrum of ethane aerosols 
                                  (supercooled liquid)
c2h6_2.dat	  19	   9127	  IR extinction spectrum of ethane aerosols 
			          (phase I and II)
c2h6_3.dat	  19	   9127	  IR extinction spectrum of ethane aerosols 
				  (phase II)
c2h6_4.dat	  19	  22394	  IR extinction spectrum of ethane aerosols 
			          (supercooled liquid)
c2h6_5.dat	  19	  22401	  IR extinction spectrum of ethane aerosols 
				  (supercooled liquid)
c3h8_1.dat	  19	  37335	  IR extinction spectrum of propane aerosols 
				  (liquid)
c3h8_2.dat	  19	  18667	  IR extinction spectrum of propane aerosols 
				  (supercooled liquid or amorphous)
c4h10_1.dat	  19	  22401	  IR extinction spectrum of butane aerosols 
				  (phase I)
c4h10_2.dat	  19	  22401   IR extinction spectrum of butane aerosols 
				  (phase II)
c4h10_3.dat 	  19	  22401   IR extinction spectrum of butane aerosols 
				  (phase III)
c5h12_1.dat	  19	  22401   IR extinction spectrum of pentane aerosols 
				  (amorphous)
c5h12_2.dat	  19	  22401	  IR extinction spectrum of pentane aerosols 
				  (crystalline)
c5h12_3.dat	  18	   2489   IR extinction spectrum of pentane aerosols 
				  (amorphous)
c5h12_4.dat	  19	   2489   IR extinction spectrum of pentane aerosols 
				  (crystalline)
c2h2_1.dat	  19	  18667   IR extinction spectrum of acetylene aerosols 
			          (polycrystalline)
c2h2_2.dat	  19	   9333   IR extinction spectrum of acetylene aerosols 
			          (crystalline)
c2h4_1.dat	  19	  18253   IR extinction spectrum of ethylene aerosols 
				  (supercooled liquid)
c2h4_2.dat	  19	  18253   IR extinction spectrum of ethylene aerosols 
	  		          (a and b stuctures)
c2h4_3.dat	  19	  18253   IR extinction spectrum of ethylene aerosols 
				  (b structure)
co2_1.dat	  19	  16593   IR extinction spectrum of carbon dioxide aerosols 
				  (crystalline, truncated cube shape particles)
co2_2.dat	  19	  16593   IR extinction spectrum of carbon dioxide aerosols 
				  (crystalline, elongated shape particles)
nh3_1.dat	  19	   5808   IR extinction spectrum of ammonia aerosols 
				  (crystalline, globular shape particles)
nh3_2.dat	  19	   5808   IR extinction spectrum of ammonia aerosols 
				  (crystalline, elongated shape particles)
nh3_3.dat	  19	   5600   IR extinction spectrum of ammonia aerosols 
				  (crystalline, 10 nm diameter)
nh3_4.dat	  19	   5600   IR extinction spectrum of ammonia aerosols 
			          (crystalline, 4 nm diameter)
nh3_5.dat	  19	   5600   IR extinction spectrum of ammonia aerosols 
				  (crystalline, 2 nm diameter)
so2_1.dat	  19	   4563   IR extinction spectrum of sulfur dioxide aerosols 
				  (partially amorphous)
so2_2.dat	  19	   4563   IR extinction spectrum of sulfur dioxide aerosols 
				  (amorphous)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: ch4_1.dat
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   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: ch4_2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: ch4_3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: c2h6_1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: c2h6_2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: c2h6_3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: c2h6_4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: c2h6_5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: c3h8_1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: c3h8_2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: c4h10_1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: c4h10_2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: c4h10_3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: c5h12_1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: c5h12_2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: c5h12_3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F7.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: c5h12_4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: c2h2_1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: c2h2_2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: c2h4_1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: c2h4_2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: c2h4_3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: co2_1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: co2_2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: nh3_1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: nh3_2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: nh3_3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: nh3_4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F7.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: nh3_5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: so2_1.dat
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   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of file: so2_2.dat
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   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       1  F10.5  cm-1         	 Wavenumber
      12  F8.5  arbitrary        Extinction (1)
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Note (1):  Extinction is the attenuation of light by absorption and scattering 
	by particles and is defined, in the same way as absorbance, as 
	log10(Io/I), where Io is the light incident on the sample and I is the 
	light transmitted through the sample.
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Acknowledgements:
	Financial support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research 
	Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Canada Foundation for Innovation is 
	gratefully acknowledged. K.J.K. acknowledges financial support from the 
	UBC Centre for Aerosol Research and a Killam Postdoctoral Fellowship. 
	E.K.L. acknowledges a graduate fellowship from NSERC through the UBC 
	CREATE-Atmospheric Aerosol Program. R.S. acknowledges a NSERC E.W.R. 
	Steacie Memorial Fellowship. The spectral data collected here are the 
	result of work by a number of researchers, including Drs. Martin Jetzki, 
	Marc K. Kunzmann, Thomas C. Preston, Chia C. Wang, and Philipp Zielke 
	and Mr. mar F. Sigurbjrnsson. Modeling work was carried out by Drs. 
	George Firanescu, David Luckhaus and Thomas C. Preston. All are 
	acknowledged for their contributions.

References:
  	R. Signorell and M. Jetzki, Physical Review Letters, 2007, 98, 013401 

	C. C. Wang, P. Zielke, . F. Sigurbjrnsson, C. R. Viteri and R. Signorell, 
	Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2009, 113, 11129

	E. K. Lang, K. J. Knox, C. C. Wang and R. Signorell, Planetary and Space 
	Science, 2011, 59, 722 (2011P&SS...59..722L)
	
	E. K. Lang, K. J. Knox and R. Signorell, 2012a, in preparation

	E. K. Lang, K. J. Knox and R. Signorell, 2012b, in preparation

	T. C. Preston, G. Firanescu and R. Signorell, Physical Chemistry Chemical 
	Physics, 2010, 12, 7924

	R. Signorell, Journal of Chemical Physics, 2003, 118, 2707

	R. Signorell and M. K. Kunzmann, Chemical Physics Letters, 2003, 371, 260

	R. Signorell, M. Jetzki, M. Kunzmann and R. Ueberschaer, Journal of Physical 
	Chemistry A, 2006, 110, 2890

	. F. Sigurbjrnsson, G. Firanescu and R. Signorell, Annual Review of Physical 
	Chemistry, 2009, 60, 127

	T. C. Preston and R. Signorell, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
	of the United States of America, 2011, 108, 5532

	M. Jetzki, A. Bonnamy and R. Signorell, Journal of Chemical Physics, 2004, 120, 
	11775

	G. Firanescu, D. Luckhaus and R. Signorell, Journal of Chemical Physics, 2006,
	125, 144501

	R. Signorell and M. Jetzki, Faraday Discussions, 2008, 137, 51

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(End)                            Kerry Knox [UBC, Canada]            22-Feb-2012
